|
|
| (6 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Distribution''' or '''precedence''' refers to the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, the distribution is informed in the grammar, if general, or in the dictionary, in case of exceptions or categories that do not follow a regular distributional pattern (such as English adverbs). Distribution is not informed in UNL.
| | == IBEF/IAFT == |
|
| |
|
| == Values ==
| | What's this? Any examples? |
| In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, distribution may assume the following values:
| |
| | |
| {{#tree:id=DIS|openlevels=0|root=Distribution (DIS)|
| |
| *front (FRT): at the beginning of the clause
| |
| *before (BEF or <<): at the left side, before a blank space
| |
| *after (AFT or >>): at the right side, after a blank space
| |
| *immediately before (IBEF or <): at the left side, without any blank space
| |
| *immediately after (IAFT or >): at the right side, without any blank space
| |
| *middle (MID): coming in the middle
| |
| *free (FRE): coming either before or after
| |
| *end (END): at the end of the clause
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| == Dictionary ==
| |
| Distribution is to be included in the dictionary in two cases:
| |
| *Exceptions to the general distribution rules, such as in some free order adjectives:
| |
| **"it is the only solution '''possible'''" or "it is the only '''possible''' solution"
| |
| *Categories with irregular distribution, such as adverbs:
| |
| **'''Usually''' I get up early.
| |
| **I '''often''' get headaches.
| |
| **She speaks English '''well'''.
| |
| | |
| In English, for instance, articles are always premodifiers. Therefore, distribution of articles must not be informed in the dictionary, but stated through a rule in the grammar. The same applies to determiners (such as "this") and ordinary adjectives (such as "beautiful"), whose distribution may be assumed by default: adjectives and determiners normally precede their modified.
| |
| | |
| === Examples ===
| |
| *beautiful
| |
| **No distribution to be informed in the dictionary
| |
| *the
| |
| **No distribution to be informed in the dictionary
| |
| *very = BEF
| |
| **In English, the intensifier "very" is a premodifier: ''He is very rich'' (<strike>''He is rich very''</strike>)
| |
| *well = AFT
| |
| **In English, the adverb of manner "well" is a postmodifier: ''He speaks well'' (<strike>''He well speaks''</strike>)
| |
| *yesterday = FRE
| |
| **In English, the adverb of time "yesterday" may come either before or after the modified: ''Now I go'' or ''I go now''.
| |
| | |
| === Observations ===
| |
| ;Middle position is used only for words to be inserted inside others (i.e., between the prefix and the root, or the root and the suffix).
| |
| :Adverbs coming between auxiliaries and verbs must be defined as premodifiers.
| |
| | |
| == Grammar ==
| |
| In the grammar, distribution is defined through [[S-rule]]s in the following format:
| |
| | |
| <SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<DISTRIBUTION>);
| |
| | |
| Where:<br />
| |
| *<SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the [[Syntax#Syntactic_Roles|syntactic role]] (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and
| |
| *<DISTRIBUTION> is the position of the constituent in relation to the head. It may assume one of the distribution values indicated above ("FNT","BEF",">>",etc).
| |
| | |
| === Examples ===
| |
| ;VS(<<);
| |
| :the specifier must be generated to the left of the verb
| |
| ;VC(>>);
| |
| :the complement must be generated to the right of the verb
| |
| | |
| === Observations ===
| |
| ;Complex distribution
| |
| :A single distribution rule may contain several distribution operations:
| |
| :*VS(<<)VC(>>); (the specifier will be generated to the left and the complement to the right of the head)
| |
| ;Conditional distribution
| |
| :Conditional distribution may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side:
| |
| :*VC(>>); (unconditional distribution: the complement will be always generated to the right of the verb);
| |
| :*VC(PPR):=VC(<<); (conditional distribution: the complement will be generated to the left of the verb if a personal pronoun (PPR);
| |
| ;Reordering
| |
| :Reordering can be done in three different ways:
| |
| :*By [[Ph-rule]]s, if the process involves neighbour constituents and affects only the surface structure of the phrase;
| |
| :*By attribute change (i.e., deleting and adding distribution features), such as in "VC(->>,<<);" (i.e.,delete the "after" attribute and add the "before" attribute), in case of neighbour constituents or neighbour projections
| |
| :*By [[movement]], in case of more complex inversions and extraction of constituents
| |
| ;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion:
| |
| :*VC(^>>):=VC(>>); (assign the "after" attribute to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet)
| |
IBEF/IAFT
What's this? Any examples?
