English

This page provides guidelines for English in the UNL framework.

• Conjunctions
• Prepositions
• Verbs

Adpositions as Universal Relations

As words that connect two other words, adpositions are always represented in UNL as relations:

agt = by

ben = for

dur = during

frm = from

gol = to

ins = with

man = as

met = by

mod = of

opl = in

per = per

plc = in

plf = from

plt = to

pof = of

pos = of

ptn = with

pur = for

scn = in

src = from

tim = in

tmf = since

tmt = until

to = to

via = through

Adpositions as Universal Attributes

Adpositions are also represented as attributes when they assign specific values to general relations. For instance:

the book is in the box

the relation "plc" (place) is sufficient to represent the meaning intended by "in" and no attribute is necessary: plc(book, box)

the book is under the box

the relation "plc" (place) is too generic to represent the meaning intended by "under" and the attribute @under is necessary: plc(book, box.@under)

For the time being, adpositions have been represented by their English correspondents.

@aboard

@about

@above

@according_to

@across

@after

@against

@ahead_of

@along

@alongside

@amid

@among

@apart_from

@around

@as

@as_far_as

@as_of

@as_per

@as_regards

@as_well_as

@aside

@aside_from

@astride

@at

@athwart

@atop

@barring

@because_of

@before

@behind

@below

@beneath

@beside

@besides

@between

@beyond

@but

@by

@by_means_of

@circa

@close_to

@concerning

@despite

@down

@due_to

@during

@except

@except_for

@excluding

@failing

@far_from

@following

@for

@from

@from_on

@given

@in

@in_accordance_with

@in_addition_to

@in_case_of

@in_favor_of

@in_front_of

@in_place_of

@in_spite_of

@in_terms_of

@including

@inside

@inside_of

@instead_of

@into

@like

@mid

@near

@near_to

@next

@next_to

@notwithstanding

@of

@off

@on

@on_account_of

@on_behalf_of

@on_top_of

@onto

@opposite

@out

@out_from

@out_of

@outside

@outside_of

@over

@owing_to

@pace

@per

@prior_to

@pursuant_to

@qua

@regarding

@regardless_of

@round

@save

@since

@subsequent_to

@than

@thanks_to

@that_of

@through

@throughout

@to

@toward

@towards

@under

@underneath

@unlike

@until

@up

@upon

@versus

@via

@with

@with_regard_to

@with_relation_to

@with_respect_to

@within

@without

@worth